Infection questions

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Infection question collection

Review Infection questions for Biology, with correct answers shown and coverage across bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists; spread of disease; immune system responses.

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Question 1

What is a pathogen?
  1. A microorganism that causes disease
  2. A white blood cell that destroys microbes
  3. A chemical used in vaccination
  4. A nutrient needed for immune function

Question 2

Which pathogen group reproduces inside host cells?
  1. Viruses
  2. Bacteria
  3. Fungi
  4. Protists

Question 3

Malaria is caused by which type of pathogen?
  1. Protist
  2. Virus
  3. Bacterium
  4. Fungus

Question 4

What is measles caused by?
  1. Virus
  2. Bacterium
  3. Fungus
  4. Protist

Question 5

How is Salmonella usually spread?
  1. In contaminated food
  2. In airborne droplets
  3. By sexual contact
  4. By mosquito vectors

Question 6

How is gonorrhoea mainly treated?
  1. With antibiotics
  2. With antihistamines
  3. With vaccines after infection
  4. With painkillers

Question 7

Who discovered penicillin?
  1. Alexander Fleming
  2. Edward Jenner
  3. Louis Pasteur
  4. Robert Koch

Question 8

What do painkillers do during an infection?
  1. Reduce symptoms without killing the pathogen
  2. Kill bacteria without reducing symptoms
  3. Destroy viruses inside host cells
  4. Produce antibodies against the pathogen

Question 9

Which body feature acts as a physical barrier against pathogens?
  1. Skin
  2. Red blood cells
  3. Platelets
  4. Insulin

Question 10

What does mucus in the airways do?
  1. Traps pathogens and particles
  2. Moves trapped material toward the throat
  3. Engulfs pathogens by phagocytosis
  4. Carries oxygen into the blood

Question 11

What is phagocytosis?
  1. A white blood cell engulfing and digesting a pathogen
  2. A lymphocyte producing a specific antibody
  3. An antibody binding to a specific antigen
  4. A memory cell responding to a familiar antigen

Question 12

Which antibody feature determines antigen specificity?
  1. Complementary binding-site shape
  2. Identical electrical charge
  3. Matching DNA sequence
  4. Larger molecular size

Question 13

How does widespread vaccination reduce disease transmission?
  1. Fewer susceptible people can be infected
  2. It cures people who are already infected
  3. It prevents pathogens from mutating
  4. It destroys pathogens in the environment

Question 14

Why are monoclonal antibodies useful in diagnosis?
  1. They bind one specific target molecule
  2. They bind every molecule in a sample
  3. They destroy any pathogen they contact
  4. They create memory cells after testing

Question 15

How can rose black spot reduce plant growth?
  1. Damaged leaves carry out less photosynthesis
  2. Damaged leaves absorb more mineral ions
  3. Dark spots increase chlorophyll production
  4. Fungal spores increase sugar transport

Question 16

Which practice helps slow antibiotic resistance?
  1. Using antibiotics only when prescribed
  2. Using antibiotics for viral infections
  3. Stopping a course when symptoms improve
  4. Sharing leftover antibiotics with another person

Question 17

What is a communicable disease?
  1. A disease that can spread between organisms
  2. A disease caused only by diet
  3. Any genetic condition
  4. A non-infectious injury

Question 18

What do cilia in the airways do?
  1. Move pathogen-filled mucus toward the throat
  2. Produce mucus that traps pathogens
  3. Engulf pathogens inside the airways
  4. Absorb oxygen into the bloodstream

Question 19

What is a vector?
  1. An organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
  2. A protein that binds to a pathogen's antigen
  3. A cell that engulfs and digests pathogens
  4. A drug that kills bacterial pathogens

Question 20

Which cells are attacked by HIV?
  1. Helper T lymphocytes
  2. Red blood cells
  3. Platelets
  4. Sensory neurones

Question 21

Why can vaccination produce a faster response to later infection?
  1. Memory lymphocytes recognise the antigen
  2. Platelets recognise the pathogen's DNA
  3. Red blood cells retain the vaccine
  4. Phagocytes prevent the pathogen mutating

Question 22

What is antibiotic resistance?
  1. Resistant bacteria survive and reproduce
  2. A person becoming immune to an antibiotic
  3. Viruses becoming resistant to antibiotics
  4. A vaccine losing its effectiveness

Question 23

What do antiviral drugs target?
  1. Viral replication
  2. Bacterial cell walls
  3. Fungal cell membranes
  4. Pain receptors

Question 24

Which cell is fused with a B-lymphocyte to make a hybridoma?
  1. A tumour cell
  2. A red blood cell
  3. A phagocyte
  4. A stem cell

Question 25

Which is a physical defence of a plant against disease?
  1. A waxy cuticle
  2. Antibacterial chemicals
  3. Poisons in the leaves
  4. Insect-repelling scents

Question 26

Which observation suggests a plant has a disease?
  1. Discoloured leaves
  2. Faster stem growth
  3. Deeper root growth
  4. More flower buds

Question 27

In the lytic pathway, what happens once a virus has replicated?
  1. The cell bursts open
  2. The DNA stays dormant
  3. The cell divides normally
  4. The virus leaves intact

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Review Infection questions for Biology, with correct answers shown and coverage across bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists; spread of disease; immune system responses.

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