Question 1
What is homeostasis?
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Maintaining internal conditions near optimum levels
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Keeping the external environment stable
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Increasing every cellular reaction rate
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Controlling which characteristics are inherited
Question 2
Which internal condition is controlled by homeostasis?
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Body temperature
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Eye colour
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Number of chromosomes
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Blood group
Question 3
In control systems, what do receptors detect?
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Stimuli
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Responses
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Hormones
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Enzymes in target cells
Question 4
Which part of the brain regulates body temperature and water balance?
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Hypothalamus
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Cerebellum
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Medulla
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Pituitary gland
Question 5
What is the role of insulin?
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To lower blood glucose concentration
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To raise blood glucose concentration
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To break down glycogen to glucose
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To increase urine production
Question 6
What is the role of glucagon?
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To raise blood glucose concentration
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To lower blood glucose concentration
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To convert glucose into glycogen
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To increase sweating
Question 7
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does what?
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Produces little or no insulin
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Produces too much insulin
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Stops producing glucagon
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Cannot digest starch
Question 8
What change is linked to type 2 diabetes?
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Body cells respond less to insulin
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The pancreas produces little or no insulin
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Body cells respond more strongly to insulin
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The kidneys stop responding to ADH
Question 9
Which change can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes?
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Regular exercise and a balanced diet
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Less activity and more sugary foods
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Routine antibiotics with every meal
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More saturated fat and less fibre
Question 10
How do skin blood vessels respond when body temperature is too high?
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Dilate and carry more blood
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Constrict and carry less blood
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Constrict and carry more blood
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Dilate and carry less blood
Question 11
How does shivering warm the body?
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Rapid muscle contractions release thermal energy
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Sweat evaporation releases thermal energy
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Skin vessels dilate and reduce heat loss
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Muscles stop respiring to conserve energy
Question 12
Why does sweating cool the body?
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Evaporation transfers energy from the skin
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Condensation transfers energy from the skin
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Sweat forms an insulating layer over the skin
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Sweat reduces blood flow through skin vessels
Question 13
Which hormone controls water reabsorption in the kidneys?
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ADH
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Insulin
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Glucagon
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Thyroxine
Question 14
What happens to ADH release when blood water concentration is low?
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It increases
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It decreases
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It stays unchanged
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It changes to insulin release
Question 15
What is urine like when ADH level is high?
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Low volume and concentrated
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High volume and dilute
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Low volume and dilute
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High volume and concentrated
Question 16
Which pair describes kidney functions?
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Balance water and ions; remove urea
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Control blood glucose; make insulin
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Exchange gases; remove carbon dioxide
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Digest food; absorb soluble nutrients
Question 17
What is urea produced from in the liver?
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Excess amino acids
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Excess glucose
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Excess fatty acids
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Excess oxygen
Question 18
What is dialysis used to do?
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Remove urea and balance water and ions
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Replace insulin and control blood glucose
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Destroy pathogens and produce antibodies
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Digest fats and absorb fatty acids
Question 19
Why can a kidney transplant be preferable to long-term dialysis?
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It can restore continuous kidney function
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It filters blood during scheduled machine sessions
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It avoids the need for immunosuppressant drugs
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It uses the patient's damaged kidneys for filtration
Question 20
What does negative feedback do?
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Reverses a deviation from the normal level
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Amplifies a deviation from the normal level
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Keeps the response fixed as conditions change
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Moves the controlled level farther from optimum
Question 21
What processes receptor information in a control system?
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Coordination centre
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Effector
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Stimulus
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Target cell
Question 22
What carries out a response in homeostasis?
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Effector
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Receptor
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Stimulus
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Coordination centre
Question 23
What does insulin cause liver cells to do?
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Convert glucose into glycogen
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Convert glycogen into glucose
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Convert amino acids into urea
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Convert ADH into insulin
Question 24
What does glucagon cause liver cells to do?
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Convert glycogen into glucose
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Convert glucose into glycogen
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Convert amino acids into urea
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Convert insulin into ADH
Question 25
Which waste substance do the kidneys remove from the blood?
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Urea
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Carbon dioxide
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Oxygen
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Starch
Question 26
Which organ produces urea?
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Liver
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Kidney
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Pancreas
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Bladder
Question 27
What is a reflex action?
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A rapid automatic response to a stimulus
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A slow conscious response to a stimulus
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A rapid learned choice after deliberation
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A hormonal response carried in the blood
Question 28
How do signals travel in the nervous system?
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As electrical impulses along neurones
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As hormones dissolved in blood plasma
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As antibodies carried by lymph
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As urea dissolved in tissue fluid
Question 29
How does ADH increase water reabsorption?
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Makes collecting ducts more permeable to water
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Makes glomeruli less permeable to urea
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Makes bladder walls absorb more glucose
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Makes liver cells release more glycogen
Question 30
What does thyroxine help control?
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Metabolic rate
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Blood glucose concentration
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Kidney water reabsorption
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The menstrual cycle