Question 1
What is the rate of reaction?
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Reactant used or product formed per unit time
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Total product formed when the reaction ends
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Minimum collision energy needed for reaction
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Energy transferred between reaction and surroundings
Question 2
\(40\,\mathrm{cm^3}\) of gas is produced in \(20\,\mathrm{s}\). What is the mean rate?
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\(2\,\mathrm{cm^3\,s^{-1}}\)
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\(0.5\,\mathrm{cm^3\,s^{-1}}\)
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\(20\,\mathrm{cm^3\,s^{-1}}\)
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\(800\,\mathrm{cm^3\,s^{-1}}\)
Question 3
Why does increasing temperature usually increase reaction rate?
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More particles exceed the activation energy
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Particles become heavier
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Activation energy increases
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There are fewer collisions per second
Question 4
Why does increasing concentration often increase reaction rate?
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Particles collide more frequently
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Particles move more slowly
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Activation energy is removed
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Reactant particles become catalysts
Question 5
Why does increasing pressure usually increase the rate of gas reactions?
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Gas particles collide more frequently
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Gas particles lose kinetic energy
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There are fewer gas particles present
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Catalysts are affected by pressure
Question 6
Why does powdered calcium carbonate react faster than marble chips of the same mass?
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It has a larger surface area
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It has a higher activation energy
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It contains more calcium carbonate
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It forms a different product
Question 7
How does a catalyst change a reaction profile?
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Lower peak; unchanged start and end energies
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Higher peak; unchanged reactant and product energies
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Unchanged peak; lower product energy
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Unchanged peak; higher reactant energy
Question 8
Why does reaction rate usually fall as reactants are used up?
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Reactant concentration falls, reducing collision frequency
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Activation energy rises as products form
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Reactant particles become heavier during the reaction
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The catalyst is gradually converted into product
Question 9
What makes a reaction reversible?
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Its products can react to re-form the reactants
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Its reactants can form more than one product
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Its products form at different rates
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Its catalyst can be removed after the reaction
Question 10
What does dynamic equilibrium mean in a closed system?
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Forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates
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Both reactions have stopped
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Forward reaction occurs
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Amounts of reactants and products must be equal
Question 11
Why is a closed system needed for equilibrium?
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So reactants and products cannot escape
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So the reaction stops completely
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So the catalyst is used up
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So products can leave at a steady rate
Question 12
How does increasing reactant concentration affect an equilibrium?
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It shifts towards products
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It shifts towards reactants
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It stays fixed because concentrations are constant
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It stops both reactions
Question 13
At equilibrium, what happens when a product is removed?
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Equilibrium shifts towards the products
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Equilibrium shifts towards the reactants
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Both reaction rates become zero
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The forward reaction becomes irreversible
Question 14
For an exothermic forward reaction, which shift follows a temperature increase?
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Towards reactants, the endothermic direction
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Towards products, the exothermic direction
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Towards the side with fewer gas molecules
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No shift because concentration is unchanged
Question 15
For \(\mathrm{N}_2 + 3\mathrm{H}_2 \rightleftharpoons 2\mathrm{NH}_3\), increasing pressure shifts equilibrium?
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Toward NH3 because there are fewer gas molecules on that side
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Toward N2 and H2 because pressure breaks NH3
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Nowhere because pressure has no effect on gases
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Toward the side with more molecules
Question 16
What is the effect of a catalyst on the position of equilibrium?
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No change
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A shift towards products
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A shift towards reactants
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Equilibrium is not reached
Question 17
Which graph feature indicates a faster initial rate when plotting gas volume against time?
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A steeper initial gradient
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A lower final gas volume
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A longer time to reach plateau
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A flatter initial gradient
Question 18
What is collision theory?
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Reactions occur when particles collide with enough energy and correct orientation
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Reactions occur when particles are motionless
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Ionic particles can react
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Collisions always cause reactions regardless of energy
Question 19
For \(\mathrm{H}_2(\mathrm{g})+\mathrm{I}_2(\mathrm{g}) \rightleftharpoons 2\mathrm{HI}(\mathrm{g})\), what does higher pressure do?
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No shift; both sides have two gas molecules
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Shifts right because two product molecules form
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Shifts left because reactants occupy more volume
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Shifts towards the endothermic side
Question 20
In a rate experiment, \(12\,\mathrm{g}\) of reactant are used in \(4\,\mathrm{min}\). What is the mean rate in \(\mathrm{g\,min^{-1}}\)?
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\(3\,\mathrm{g\,min^{-1}}\)
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\(0.33\,\mathrm{g\,min^{-1}}\)
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\(8\,\mathrm{g\,min^{-1}}\)
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\(48\,\mathrm{g\,min^{-1}}\)
Question 21
What is activation energy?
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The minimum energy particles need to react
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The energy released by an exothermic reaction
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The energy stored in products at equilibrium
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The energy transferred to a catalyst
Question 22
What is a successful collision?
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A collision with enough energy and suitable orientation
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Any contact between particles
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A collision at lower temperature
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A collision with no energy transfer
Question 23
Why does a catalyst increase rate?
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It lowers activation energy
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It increases product energy
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It is used up in the reaction
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It removes reactants
Question 24
At dynamic equilibrium, what happens to reactant and product concentrations?
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They remain constant but need not be equal
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They become equal and remain constant
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They both fall to zero
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They alternate between high and low values
Question 25
How does increasing pressure affect an equilibrium with fewer gas molecules on the product side?
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It shifts equilibrium towards products
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It shifts towards the side with more gas molecules
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It has no effect on the equilibrium position
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It stops both reactions
Question 26
For an endothermic forward reaction, what does increasing temperature favour?
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Products
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Reactants
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The side with fewer gas molecules
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Neither side
Question 27
Why record gas volume at regular intervals in a rate experiment?
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To see how reaction rate changes over time
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To keep the activation energy constant
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To prevent the gas from leaving the apparatus
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To make the catalyst reusable
Question 28
How is instantaneous rate found from a quantity-time graph?
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Find the gradient of a tangent at that time
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Find the gradient from the start to the end
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Read the time from the horizontal axis
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Read the final height of the plateau
Question 29
Which measurement can track a reaction when a gaseous product escapes?
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Decrease in mass over time
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Initial mass before the reaction
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Final temperature after the reaction
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Starting pH before reactants are mixed
Question 30
Why is the Haber process not run at a very low temperature, despite the higher yield?
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The reaction rate would be too slow
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The equilibrium would shift towards nitrogen and hydrogen
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The catalyst would raise the activation energy
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The pressure would stop affecting the equilibrium