Question 1
An exothermic reaction transfers energy?
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To the surroundings
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From the surroundings
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To catalysts
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To reactants
Question 2
An endothermic reaction transfers energy?
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From the surroundings
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To the surroundings
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As light to the room
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Into products with no surroundings effect
Question 3
Where are products shown on an exothermic reaction profile?
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Below the reactants
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Above the reactants
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Level with the reactants
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At the activation-energy peak
Question 4
What is activation energy?
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Minimum energy needed for a successful reaction
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The total energy released by products
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The energy stored only in catalysts
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The energy needed to cool reactants
Question 5
How does a catalyst speed up a reaction?
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By providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy
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By increasing the overall energy change, ΔH
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By being used up to release heat
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By increasing reactant mass
Question 6
Breaking chemical bonds requires?
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An input of energy
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Release of energy
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No energy change
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A change in pH
Question 7
What happens to energy when chemical bonds form?
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It is released
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It is absorbed
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It is unchanged
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It becomes activation energy
Question 8
In a bond energy calculation, which expression gives the overall energy change?
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Energy used to break bonds - energy released making bonds
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Energy released making bonds - energy used to break bonds
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Energy used to break bonds + energy released making bonds
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Energy released making bonds / energy used to break bonds
Question 9
If bond-making releases more energy than bond-breaking absorbs, what type of reaction is it?
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Exothermic
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Endothermic
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Thermal decomposition
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Reversible reaction
Question 10
Which equation is used in simple calorimetry?
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q = mcΔT
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q = mΔT / c
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q = cΔT / m
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q = mc / ΔT
Question 11
\(100\,\mathrm{g}\) of water is heated by \(5\,\mathrm{^\circ C}\). Use \(c = 4.2\,\mathrm{J\,g^{-1}\,^\circ C^{-1}}\). What is \(q\)?
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\(2100\,\mathrm{J}\)
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\(840\,\mathrm{J}\)
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\(21000\,\mathrm{J}\)
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\(500\,\mathrm{J}\)
Question 12
Which reaction type is usually exothermic?
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Neutralisation of an acid and an alkali
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Thermal decomposition
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Photosynthesis
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Electrolysis of molten salts
Question 13
Which process is usually endothermic?
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Thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate
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Combustion of methane
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Respiration
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Condensation of steam
Question 14
A chemical cell produces electricity from what type of reaction?
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A redox reaction between different materials
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Thermal decomposition
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Acid-base neutralisation
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A physical change of state
Question 15
When does a cell made from two metals give a higher voltage?
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Further apart in reactivity
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Next to each other in reactivity
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Both equally unreactive
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Identical metals in identical conditions
Question 16
Why can a rechargeable battery be recharged?
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External current reverses the chemical reactions
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The current replaces both electrodes with new metals
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The current heats the cell until reactants return
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The original reaction restarts without restoring reactants
Question 17
In a hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form?
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Water
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Hydrogen peroxide
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Carbon dioxide
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Methane
Question 18
What is one advantage of hydrogen fuel cells at point of use?
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It produces water rather than carbon dioxide
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It produces carbon dioxide rather than water
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It releases hydrogen as the main product
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It stores charge without a chemical reaction
Question 19
On reaction profiles, what sign is ΔH for exothermic reactions?
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Negative
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Positive
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Zero
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The same sign as activation energy
Question 20
Why can the same bond type have slightly different bond energies?
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Its surrounding atoms can differ
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Its atoms change their proton numbers
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Its colour changes the bond strength
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Its measuring unit changes between compounds
Question 21
Breaking bonds needs \(250\,\mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}\); forming bonds releases \(400\,\mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}\). What is \(\Delta H\)?
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\(-150\,\mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}\)
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\(+150\,\mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}\)
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\(-650\,\mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}\)
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\(+650\,\mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}\)
Question 22
Why is breaking bonds endothermic?
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Energy is required to overcome attractions
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Energy is released when attractions are overcome
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Atoms are destroyed
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Electrons are made
Question 23
What is a reaction profile?
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A graph of energy changes during a reaction
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A graph of mass against volume
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A table of element symbols
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A method of filtration
Question 24
Where are products shown on an endothermic reaction profile?
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Above the reactants
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Below the reactants
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Level with the reactants
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At zero energy
Question 25
What does a calorimeter measure in school experiments?
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Temperature change caused by a reaction
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Number of moles directly
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Mass of electrons
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pH
Question 26
A \(1\,\mathrm{kg}\) sample has \(c=500\,\mathrm{J\,kg^{-1}\,{}^\circ C^{-1}}\). What energy raises it by \(2\,{}^\circ\mathrm{C}\)?
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\(1000\,\mathrm{J}\)
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\(250\,\mathrm{J}\)
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\(500\,\mathrm{J}\)
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\(1002\,\mathrm{J}\)
Question 27
How does a battery differ from a single electrochemical cell?
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It contains two or more cells
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It stores charge without chemical reactions
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It works only with alternating current
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It contains one electrode instead of two
Question 28
What does a larger potential difference in a cell indicate?
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A greater difference in energy between the reactions
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A lower energy difference between reactions
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A larger number of electrons in each atom
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A lower concentration of reactants
Question 29
Why can hydrogen fuel still have lifecycle carbon emissions?
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Producing the hydrogen may use fossil fuels
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Water from the fuel cell contains carbon
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Hydrogen atoms turn into carbon during storage
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Oxygen releases carbon dioxide when reduced
Question 30
What is a disadvantage of hydrogen fuel cells?
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Hydrogen production and storage can be difficult
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Hydrogen has a high energy per unit mass
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Water is produced at point of use
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A fuel cell can be refuelled quickly