Question 1
Which equation gives weight \(W\) near Earth's surface?
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\(W = mg\)
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\(W = m + g\)
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\(W = \frac{m}{g}\)
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\(W = mg^2\)
Question 2
What is the approximate value of gravitational field strength \(g\) on Earth?
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\(10\,\mathrm{N/kg}\)
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\(1\,\mathrm{N/kg}\)
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\(100\,\mathrm{N/kg}\)
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\(0.1\,\mathrm{N/kg}\)
Question 3
If an astronaut has mass \(70\,\mathrm{kg}\) on Earth, what is the weight on the Moon where \(g\) is \(1.6\,\mathrm{N/kg}\)?
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\(112\,\mathrm{N}\)
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\(700\,\mathrm{N}\)
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\(1120\,\mathrm{N}\)
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\(16\,\mathrm{N}\)
Question 4
What name describes the inward force needed for an orbit?
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Centripetal force
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Centrifugal force
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Frictional force
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Upthrust
Question 5
What causes the seasons on Earth?
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The tilt of Earth’s axis as it orbits the Sun
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The changing distance between Earth and the Sun
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The Moon's changing position as it orbits Earth
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The Sun's changing energy output during the year
Question 6
When it is summer in the northern hemisphere, what happens in the southern hemisphere?
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It is winter there
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It is also summer
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There are no seasons
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It is autumn
Question 7
What distance is one astronomical unit (AU)?
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The mean distance from Earth to the Sun
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The distance light travels in one year
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The mean distance from Earth to the Moon
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The diameter of the Milky Way
Question 8
How far does light travel in one year?
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\(9.46 \times 10^{15}\,\mathrm{m}\)
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\(3 \times 10^8\,\mathrm{m}\)
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\(9.46 \times 10^5\,\mathrm{m}\)
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\(1.5 \times 10^{10}\,\mathrm{m}\)
Question 9
What keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?
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The Sun's gravity
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The Sun's magnetism
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Pressure from solar wind
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Pressure from sunlight
Question 10
What is our Sun classified as?
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A star
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A planet
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An asteroid
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A comet
Question 11
Which force acts between two masses even when they are not touching?
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Gravity
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Friction
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Tension
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Elastic
Question 12
Four identical bags have different masses. Which has the greatest weight at the same location?
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5 kg
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3 kg
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2 kg
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1 kg
Question 13
What does a planet's gravitational field do?
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Attracts objects with mass
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Attracts objects with electric charge
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Aligns magnetic materials
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Slows objects moving through a fluid
Question 14
What is the main reason space telescopes orbit Earth?
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To avoid atmospheric distortion
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To move them closer to distant stars
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To keep them above one ground point
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To use Earth's gravity as a magnifying lens
Question 15
Which layer protects Earth from most meteorites?
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Atmosphere
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Core
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Crust
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Core mantle boundary
Question 16
Which motion causes day and night?
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Earth rotating on its axis
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Earth orbiting the Sun
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The Moon orbiting Earth
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The Sun rotating on its axis
Question 17
About how long does the Moon take to orbit Earth?
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28 days
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24 hours
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365 days
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12 hours
Question 18
How does gravity between Earth and Moon affect tides?
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It pulls seawater into tidal bulges
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It pushes seawater away from the Moon
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It changes the temperature of seawater
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It changes the Moon's brightness
Question 19
What is a comet mainly made from?
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Ice, dust and rock
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Hydrogen plasma and helium
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Molten metal and rock
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Liquid water and soil
Question 20
What is the advantage of using light-years for star distances?
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Manageable numbers for vast distances
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A correction for each star's brightness
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The travel time of the light
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A measure of each star's age
Question 21
Why do astronauts feel weightless while orbiting Earth?
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They fall around Earth with their spacecraft
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They have moved beyond Earth's gravity
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Their rockets balance Earth's gravity
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The Moon's gravity cancels Earth's gravity
Question 22
What causes one year on Earth?
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Earth completing one orbit of the Sun
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Earth rotating once on its axis
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The Moon completing one orbit
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The Sun rotating once
Question 23
What is at the centre of our Solar System?
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The Sun
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Earth
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The Moon
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Jupiter
Question 24
Why does the Moon have phases?
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Our view of its sunlit half changes
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Earth's shadow moves across it each month
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Its surface emits different amounts of light
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Its shape changes during each orbit
Question 25
Which description defines a galaxy?
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A vast collection of stars, gas and dust bound by gravity
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A star and the planets orbiting it
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A pattern of stars seen from Earth
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A cloud of gas forming one new star
Question 26
If Earth's gravity vanished, which path would an orbiting satellite follow?
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A straight line tangent to its orbit
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A straight line directly away from Earth
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The same circular orbit
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A vertical fall toward Earth
Question 27
What can a communications satellite do?
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Relay signals between distant ground stations
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Collect cloud images for weather forecasts
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Calculate position from signal timing
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Observe stars above the atmosphere
Question 28
What can a weather satellite do?
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Collect cloud images for forecasts
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Relay telephone signals between continents
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Calculate position from signal timing
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Observe distant galaxies above the atmosphere
Question 29
What does a light-year measure?
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Distance light travels in one year
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Time light takes to reach Earth
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Brightness of a distant star
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Age of a distant galaxy
Question 30
Why are planets visible from Earth?
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They reflect light from the Sun
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They produce visible light by nuclear fusion
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Earth's atmosphere shines light onto them
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The Moon reflects light onto every planet