Question 1
Which gas is most abundant in Earth's atmosphere today?
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Nitrogen
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Oxygen
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Carbon dioxide
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Argon
Question 2
Roughly what percentage of Earth's atmosphere is oxygen?
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About \(21\%\)
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About \(78\%\)
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About \(50\%\)
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Less than \(1\%\)
Question 3
Which gas is a major greenhouse gas?
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Carbon dioxide
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Nitrogen
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Helium
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Neon
Question 4
How do greenhouse gases warm Earth?
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They absorb and re-emit infrared radiation
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They absorb and re-emit visible light
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They reflect infrared radiation into space
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They convert infrared radiation into ultraviolet
Question 5
Which human activity is a major source of extra carbon dioxide?
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Burning fossil fuels
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Condensation of water vapour
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Earthquakes
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Planting trees
Question 6
What did fossil fuels form from?
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Ancient organisms
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Molten rock
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Atmospheric gases
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Metal ores
Question 7
Which of these is a fossil fuel?
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Natural gas
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Hydrogen
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Bioethanol
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Solar energy
Question 8
What effect does photosynthesis have on atmospheric carbon dioxide?
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It removes carbon dioxide
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It releases carbon dioxide
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It converts carbon dioxide into nitrogen
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It leaves carbon dioxide unchanged
Question 9
Which process returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
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Respiration
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Photosynthesis
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Condensation
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Filtration
Question 10
Which stores exchange carbon in the carbon cycle?
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The atmosphere, oceans, organisms and rocks
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The atmosphere, rivers, metals and planets
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The oceans, clouds, magnets and soils
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Organisms, stars, metals and glaciers
Question 11
Why can deforestation raise atmospheric carbon dioxide?
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Less photosynthesis removes it
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More photosynthesis releases it
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Less respiration absorbs it
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More condensation produces it
Question 12
Which gases are the main causes of acid rain?
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Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
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Carbon dioxide and methane
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Oxygen and hydrogen
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Nitrogen and argon
Question 13
What is one environmental effect of acid rain?
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Acidification of lakes and soils
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Eutrophication of lakes and rivers
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Global dimming of the atmosphere
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Depletion of stratospheric ozone
Question 14
What health problem can particulate pollution cause?
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Breathing difficulties
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Hearing loss
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Tooth decay
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Broken bones
Question 15
Which pollutants do catalytic converters reduce?
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Carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides
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Carbon dioxide and water vapour
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Sulfur dioxide and particulates
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Methane and chlorofluorocarbons
Question 16
How can renewable electricity reduce greenhouse-gas emissions?
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By replacing fossil-fuel combustion
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By trapping gases in power stations
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By converting carbon dioxide into oxygen
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By preventing decomposition in soils
Question 17
Compared with today, which pair describes Earth's early atmosphere?
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Low O₂; high CO₂
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High O₂; low CO₂
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Low O₂; low CO₂
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High O₂; high CO₂
Question 18
What increased oxygen levels in Earth's atmosphere over geological time?
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Photosynthetic organisms such as algae and plants
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Combustion of fossil fuels
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Thermal decomposition of limestone
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Industrial catalytic converters
Question 19
Which equation represents complete combustion of methane?
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\(\mathrm{CH}_{4} + 2\mathrm{O}_{2} \to \mathrm{CO}_{2} + 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)
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\(\mathrm{CH}_{4} + \mathrm{O}_{2} \to \mathrm{CO} + \mathrm{H}_{2}\)
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\(\mathrm{CH}_{4} \to \mathrm{C} + 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\)
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\(2\mathrm{CH}_{4} + \mathrm{O}_{2} \to 2\mathrm{CO}_{2} + 2\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)
Question 20
Why is the natural greenhouse effect important?
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It keeps Earth warm enough for life
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It supplies oxygen for respiration
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It blocks ultraviolet radiation
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It creates Earth's magnetic field
Question 21
Which noble gas is most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?
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Argon
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Helium
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Neon
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Krypton
Question 22
Roughly how much of today's atmosphere is oxygen?
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About 21%
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About 0.04%
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About 1%
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About 78%
Question 23
What gas is needed for combustion?
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Oxygen
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Nitrogen
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Carbon dioxide
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Argon
Question 24
Which gas besides carbon dioxide contributes to the greenhouse effect?
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Methane
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Nitrogen
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Oxygen
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Argon
Question 25
Which human activity releases substantial methane?
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Cattle farming
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Planting forests
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Generating solar power
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Recycling glass
Question 26
What pollutant can cause acid rain?
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Sulfur dioxide
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Oxygen
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Nitrogen
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Water vapour
Question 27
How can atmospheric particulates cause global dimming?
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They reflect sunlight back into space
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They trap infrared radiation near Earth
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They destroy ozone in the stratosphere
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They convert oxygen into carbon dioxide
Question 28
Which exhaust gas is not removed by a catalytic converter?
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Carbon dioxide
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Carbon monoxide
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Nitrogen monoxide
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Unburned hydrocarbons
Question 29
Which process returns carbon from dead organisms to the atmosphere?
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Decomposition
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Photosynthesis
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Sedimentation
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Fossilisation
Question 30
Which change occurs when atmospheric water vapour cools below its dew point?
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Condensation
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Evaporation
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Melting
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Sublimation