Nutrition and Digestion questions

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Nutrition and Digestion question collection

Review Nutrition and Digestion questions for Biology, with correct answers shown and coverage across nutrients and balanced diets; digestive organs and their functions; enzymes in digestion.

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Question 1

Which nutrient is mainly used for growth and tissue repair?
  1. Protein
  2. Carbohydrate
  3. Lipid
  4. Vitamin C

Question 2

Which nutrient is the body's main source of energy in a balanced diet?
  1. Carbohydrate
  2. Protein
  3. Fibre
  4. Mineral ions

Question 3

Which nutrient provides long-term energy storage and insulation?
  1. Lipids
  2. Proteins
  3. Water
  4. Vitamin D

Question 4

What is the main function of dietary fibre in the gut?
  1. It helps food move through the digestive system
  2. It is digested to release glucose quickly
  3. It provides all essential amino acids
  4. It neutralises stomach acid directly

Question 5

Why is water essential in a healthy diet?
  1. It dissolves substances and supports reactions
  2. It supplies amino acids for growth
  3. It provides long-term chemical energy
  4. It replaces mineral ions in bones

Question 6

A severe lack of vitamin C can cause which deficiency disease?
  1. Scurvy
  2. Rickets
  3. Type 1 diabetes
  4. Coronary heart disease

Question 7

What is a long-term lack of iron most likely to cause?
  1. Anaemia
  2. Scurvy
  3. Obesity
  4. Asthma

Question 8

Which long-term energy balance tends to cause mass gain?
  1. Intake greater than use
  2. Use greater than intake
  3. Intake equal to use
  4. One high-energy meal followed by balance

Question 9

Where does most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption take place?
  1. Small intestine
  2. Stomach
  3. Large intestine
  4. Oesophagus

Question 10

What is an enzyme?
  1. A biological catalyst
  2. A type of sugar
  3. A digestive organ
  4. A mineral used in bones

Question 11

Which enzyme starts starch digestion in the mouth?
  1. Amylase
  2. Protease
  3. Lipase
  4. Bile

Question 12

What do protease enzymes break proteins into?
  1. Amino acids
  2. Fatty acids and glycerol
  3. Starch molecules
  4. Mineral salts

Question 13

What do lipase enzymes break lipids into?
  1. Fatty acids and glycerol
  2. Amino acids
  3. Glucose
  4. Carbon dioxide and water

Question 14

Why does the stomach contain hydrochloric acid?
  1. Provide low pH for protease; kill pathogens
  2. Provide high pH for amylase; emulsify lipids
  3. Provide neutral pH for lipase; absorb glucose
  4. Provide low pH for amylase; produce bile

Question 15

Where is bile produced?
  1. Liver
  2. Pancreas
  3. Stomach
  4. Gall bladder

Question 16

What are the two main roles of bile in digestion?
  1. It neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies lipids
  2. It digests protein and stores glucose
  3. It lowers intestinal pH and kills enzymes
  4. It absorbs amino acids and forms urea

Question 17

Which adaptation of villi helps rapid nutrient absorption?
  1. Large surface area
  2. Thick waxy cuticle
  3. No blood supply
  4. Large air spaces

Question 18

Why can gut bacteria be helpful?
  1. Break down some food and make useful substances
  2. Replace digestive enzymes made by the body
  3. Digest food inside the lungs
  4. Prevent water absorption in the large intestine

Question 19

Which best describes a balanced diet?
  1. Suitable proportions of nutrients and energy for the person
  2. Equal masses of every food group
  3. High protein with very little lipid
  4. The same energy intake for every person

Question 20

For plant nutrition, roots absorb which two substances from soil?
  1. Water and mineral ions
  2. Glucose and oxygen
  3. Starch and carbon dioxide
  4. Protein and fat

Question 21

Which mineral is needed for strong bones and teeth?
  1. Calcium
  2. Iron
  3. Iodine
  4. Sodium

Question 22

What does vitamin D help the body absorb?
  1. Calcium
  2. Glucose
  3. Amino acids
  4. Fibre

Question 23

What is mainly absorbed in the large intestine?
  1. Water
  2. Amino acids
  3. Glucose
  4. Fatty acids

Question 24

What moves food through the oesophagus?
  1. Waves of muscle contraction
  2. Diffusion down a concentration gradient
  3. Cilia beating toward the stomach
  4. Gravity acting without muscle

Question 25

What do digestive enzymes do?
  1. Break large food molecules into smaller molecules
  2. Move digested nutrients into the blood
  3. Break lipid droplets into smaller droplets
  4. Neutralise acid entering the small intestine

Question 26

Which pair helps digest protein in the stomach?
  1. Protease and hydrochloric acid
  2. Amylase and bile
  3. Lipase and alkali
  4. Insulin and glucagon

Question 27

Where is bile stored before release?
  1. Gall bladder
  2. Liver
  3. Pancreas
  4. Stomach

Question 28

Which organ releases amylase, protease and lipase into the small intestine?
  1. Pancreas
  2. Liver
  3. Gall bladder
  4. Large intestine

Question 29

How do thin villus walls speed absorption?
  1. They give a short diffusion distance
  2. They produce more digestive enzymes
  3. They store nutrients before digestion
  4. They increase the intestine's muscle thickness

Question 30

Why do people need different amounts of dietary energy?
  1. Activity level and age differ
  2. Every food releases a different unit of energy
  3. Digestion removes energy from inactive people
  4. Balanced diets contain no fixed nutrients

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Review Nutrition and Digestion questions for Biology, with correct answers shown and coverage across nutrients and balanced diets; digestive organs and their functions; enzymes in digestion.

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