Question 1
For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, which equation holds?
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\(pV = \text{constant}\)
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\(p = \frac{V}{T}\)
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\(pV = T\)
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\(V = pT\)
Question 2
A gas has pressure \(120\,\mathrm{kPa}\) at \(2\,\mathrm{m^3}\). If volume falls to \(1\,\mathrm{m^3}\) at the same temperature, what is the pressure?
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\(240\,\mathrm{kPa}\)
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\(60\,\mathrm{kPa}\)
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\(80\,\mathrm{kPa}\)
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\(120\,\mathrm{kPa}\)
Question 3
Why does the pressure rise when temperature increases in a sealed gas?
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Wall collisions are harder and more frequent
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Wall collisions are softer and less frequent
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Particles become heavier when heated
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The container expands as it is heated
Question 4
Which equation calculates the energy needed to raise temperature?
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\(\Delta E = mc\Delta \theta\)
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\(\Delta E = mL\)
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\(\Delta E = P + t\)
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\(\Delta E = \frac{mc}{\Delta \theta}\)
Question 5
How much energy is required to raise \(2\,\mathrm{kg}\) of copper (\(c = 390\,\mathrm{J/(kg\,^\circ C)}\)) by \(60\,\^\circ\mathrm{C}\)?
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\(46800\,\mathrm{J}\)
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\(4680\,\mathrm{J}\)
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\(78000\,\mathrm{J}\)
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\(23400\,\mathrm{J}\)
Question 6
Which equation gives the energy for a change of state?
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\(E = mL\)
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\(E = mc\Delta \theta\)
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\(E = Pt\)
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\(E = \frac{m}{L}\)
Question 7
How much energy is needed to vaporise \(0.5\,\mathrm{kg}\) of water if \(L_v = 2.3 \times 10^6\,\mathrm{J/kg}\)?
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\(1.15 \times 10^6\,\mathrm{J}\)
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\(1.15 \times 10^5\,\mathrm{J}\)
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\(4.6 \times 10^5\,\mathrm{J}\)
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\(2.3 \times 10^6\,\mathrm{J}\)
Question 8
What is specific latent heat of vaporisation?
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Energy per kilogram to change liquid to gas
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Energy per kilogram to change solid to liquid
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Energy per kilogram per degree of warming
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Energy released per second by a gas
Question 9
What makes up a substance's internal energy?
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Particle kinetic and potential energy
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Particle mass and electric charge
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Temperature and thermal conductivity
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Bulk movement and gravitational energy
Question 10
Why does temperature stay constant while a pure solid melts?
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Energy increases particle potential energy
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Energy increases particle kinetic energy
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Energy leaves the substance as radiation
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Particles stop moving until melting finishes
Question 11
Why are most solids denser than their liquids?
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Particles are packed more closely
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Particles gain mass when solid
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Particles move faster when solid
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Particles become larger when solid
Question 12
How would you find the density of an irregular object?
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Measure mass and displacement volume
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Run current through it
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Weigh it in vacuum
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Measure its surface area
Question 13
Which equation defines density?
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\(\rho = \frac{m}{V}\)
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\(\rho = mV\)
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\(\rho = \frac{V}{m}\)
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\(\rho = m + V\)
Question 14
Why do visible smoke particles move randomly in air?
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Air molecules collide with them unevenly
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Gravity changes direction around them
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Their atoms repeatedly change mass
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Light waves push each particle equally
Question 15
If the volume of a gas increases at constant temperature, what happens to the pressure?
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Decreases
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Increases
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Stays the same
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Becomes zero
Question 16
What happens when gas particles gain average kinetic energy?
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Their average speed increases
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Their average speed decreases
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Their average speed stays unchanged
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Their individual masses increase
Question 17
Why does gas pressure fall when volume increases at constant temperature?
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Wall collisions become less frequent
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Wall collisions become more frequent
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Wall collisions become more forceful
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Particle kinetic energy increases
Question 18
Convert \(20\,\mathrm{°C}\) to kelvin using \(K = \theta + 273\).
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\(293\,\mathrm{K}\)
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\(253\,\mathrm{K}\)
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\(20\,\mathrm{K}\)
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\(293\,\mathrm{°C}\)
Question 19
Why is ice less dense than liquid water?
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Its particles form an open lattice with more space
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Its particles form a tighter lattice with less space
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Its particles lose mass when they freeze
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Its particles move faster when they freeze
Question 20
Which change of state is sublimation?
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Solid directly to gas
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Gas directly to solid
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Liquid to gas
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Solid to liquid
Question 21
What causes gas pressure on a container wall?
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Particle collisions transfer momentum to the wall
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Chemical bonds pull continuously on the wall
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Sound waves add particles to the container
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Particles lose mass whenever they hit the wall
Question 22
At constant temperature, what happens to gas pressure when its volume is halved?
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The pressure doubles
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The pressure halves
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The pressure stays the same
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The pressure becomes zero
Question 23
Which temperature scale must be used in gas-law equations?
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Kelvin
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Celsius
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Fahrenheit
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Degrees per second
Question 24
Why does air warm when compressed in a bicycle pump?
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Work transfers energy to the air
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Air loses internal energy
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Particles lose kinetic energy
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Air changes into a liquid
Question 25
Which measurement technique gives the precise volume of an irregular solid?
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Measuring displaced water with a measuring cylinder
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Measuring its mass with a balance
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Measuring its longest side with a ruler
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Measuring its temperature with a thermometer
Question 26
Why does gas pressure rise when volume falls at constant temperature?
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Wall collisions become more frequent
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Wall collisions become less frequent
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Each collision becomes more forceful
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The number of gas particles increases
Question 27
How does evaporation differ from boiling?
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It occurs at the surface below boiling point
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It occurs throughout the liquid at boiling point
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It changes gas directly into liquid
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It raises every particle to the same speed
Question 28
At constant pressure, what happens to gas volume when kelvin temperature increases?
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It increases
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It decreases
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It stays unchanged
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It first decreases then increases
Question 29
What does a flat section on a heating graph usually show?
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A change of state
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A constant heating power
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A falling internal energy
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A decreasing particle number
Question 30
What is specific latent heat of fusion?
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Energy per kilogram to change solid to liquid
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Energy per kilogram to change liquid to gas
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Energy per kilogram per degree of warming
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Energy released per second by a solid