Question 1
What does malware mean?
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Malicious software
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Main memory hardware
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Manual web repair
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Managed local network
Question 2
What is phishing?
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Fake messages that steal user data
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Fake websites that redirect domain requests
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Repeated guesses against a password
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Malicious queries sent to a database
Question 3
What does a brute-force password attack do?
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Tries many possible character combinations
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Tries words from a prepared list
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Steals a password through a fake message
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Records a password with spyware
Question 4
What is the aim of a DoS attack?
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Overloading a service until it is unavailable
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Encrypting files until a ransom is paid
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Copying data until an account is cloned
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Guessing passwords until one of them works
Question 5
Which technique best prevents SQL injection?
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Parameterised queries
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Stronger user passwords
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Full disk encryption
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Regular database backups
Question 6
What do social engineering attacks target?
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People
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Routers
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Hard drives
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Source code compilers
Question 7
Which password is strongest?
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A long, unique mix of character types
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A short word with one digit
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A birthdate reused on several sites
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A common phrase shared with friends
Question 8
Which is an example of biometric authentication?
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Fingerprint scan
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PIN code
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Username
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Security question
Question 9
What does encryption change plaintext into?
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Ciphertext
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Checksum
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Metadata
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Source code
Question 10
What does a firewall do?
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Filters network traffic
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Stores all passwords
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Assigns IP addresses
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Repairs corrupted files
Question 11
What does spyware do?
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Secretly collects user data
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Encrypts files and demands payment
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Replicates by attaching to host files
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Overloads a server with requests
Question 12
Why should security updates be installed?
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They patch known software weaknesses
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They encrypt every stored file
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They replace weak user passwords
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They block every phishing message
Question 13
Which control best protects data from ransomware loss?
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Regular offline backups
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A backup on the same mounted drive
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A stronger screen-lock password
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A firewall with no backup
Question 14
What does least privilege mean for users?
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Only the access needed for their role
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Full admin access
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No access at all
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Access to every shared folder
Question 15
What is CAPTCHA designed to distinguish?
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Human users from automated bots
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Administrators from standard users
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Encrypted files from plaintext files
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Trusted networks from public networks
Question 16
What is a security risk of open public Wi-Fi?
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Attackers may intercept unencrypted data
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The router may assign a private IP address
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The device may use a slower connection
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Web pages may load from a distant server
Question 17
What is social engineering?
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Tricking people into revealing information
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Exploiting a buffer overflow
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Installing anti-virus software
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Encrypting data on a disk
Question 18
What distinguishes a computer virus?
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It attaches to a host file and replicates when run
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It replicates across networks without a host file
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It encrypts files and demands a ransom
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It secretly records user activity
Question 19
What is ransomware?
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Malware that locks data and demands payment
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Software that improves encryption
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A tool for testing networks
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A backup stored off-site
Question 20
Which control directly limits online brute-force attempts?
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Temporary lockout after failed logins
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Password hints after failed logins
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Automatic username completion
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A public list of password rules
Question 21
What is penetration testing?
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Authorised attacks used to find system weaknesses
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Unauthorised attacks used to steal system data
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Automated backups used to restore system data
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Encryption used to hide system data
Question 22
What can anti-malware software do after detecting a malicious file?
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Quarantine it from the system
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Patch the software weakness it used
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Restore files from an earlier backup
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Filter the network port it contacted
Question 23
Why is an unexpected email attachment risky?
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Opening it may execute malware
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Reading it may reveal your public IP address
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Saving it may change the email subject
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Deleting it may notify the sender
Question 24
What does cyber security protect?
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Systems, networks and data
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Only physical hardware
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Only printed documents
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Only the mains supply